Barbary pirates
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corsair91
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 Posted: Sun Dec 29, 2019 1:24 am Post subject: Barbary pirates |
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Barbary pirates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_pirates
The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Ottoman and Berber pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, a term derived from the name of its ethnically Berber inhabitants.
Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean, south along West Africa's Atlantic seaboard and into the North Atlantic as far north as Iceland, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean.
In addition to seizing merchant ships, they engaged in Razzias, raids on European coastal towns and villages, mainly in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, but also in the British Isles, the Netherlands, and as far away as Iceland. The main purpose of their attacks was slaves for the Ottoman slave trade as well as the general Arab slavery market in North Africa and the Middle East.
Some of these corsairs were European outcasts and converts (renegade) such as John Ward and Zymen Danseker.
Hayreddin Barbarossa and Oruç Reis, Turkish Barbarossa Brothers, who took control of Algiers on behalf of the Ottomans in the early 16th century, were also notorious corsairs.
The scope of corsair activity began to diminish in the latter part of the 17th century, as the more powerful European navies started to compel the Barbary States to make peace and cease attacking their shipping.
The French conquest of Algeria in 1830 eventually stopped all Barbary Corsair activity. |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sun Dec 29, 2019 1:25 am Post subject: |
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Hayreddin Barbarossa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayreddin_Barbarossa
Hayreddin Barbarossa or Barbaros Kheireddin Pasha was an Ottoman admiral of the fleet.
He became known as "Barbarossa" ("Redbeard" in Italian) in Europe, a name he inherited from his elder brother Oruç Reis after he was killed in a battle with the Spanish in Algeria.
The King of Pirates, Hayreddin Barbarossa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIqrNF--gks
The History Guy
20 Jul 2017
Hayreddin Barbarossa, who was known as "the King of Pirates", in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent.
Oruç Reis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%C3%A7_Reis
Oruç Reis, the elder brother of Hayreddin Barbarossa. He was known in Europe as Barbarossa (which means Redbeard in Italian)
Ottoman privateer or corsair
Kemal Reis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Reis
Ottoman privateer and admiral
Dragut
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragut
Dragut (Turkish: Turgut Reis)
known as "The Drawn Sword of Islam", was an Ottoman naval commander, serving as Admiral and Corsair in the Ottoman Empire's Navy
Recognized for his military genius, and as being among "the most dangerous" of corsairs, Dragut has been referred to as "the greatest pirate warrior of all time"
Succeeded Barbarossa as supreme commander of Ottoman naval forces in the Mediterranean.
Killed at the Siege of Malta, Many historians believe that, had he lived, the siege would have succeeded.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1565)
Last edited by corsair91 on Fri Nov 19, 2021 5:28 am; edited 2 times in total |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sun Dec 29, 2019 1:25 am Post subject: |
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Sayyida al Hurra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyida_al_Hurra
(Which translates to "Lady who is free and independent") real name Lalla Aicha bint Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami, Hakimat Titwan,
was a queen of Tétouan (northern Morocco city) in 1515-1542 and a pirate queen in the early 16th century.
Sayyida al-Hurra was a female Muslim cleric, merchant, governor of Tétouan, and later the wife of the sultan of Morocco.
Shw launched pirate expeditions against Spain and Portugal to avenge the Reconquista.
She co-founded the Barbary Corsairs with her allies the Barbarossa brothers, who divided the Mediterranean between them—the Barbarossas and their Ottoman fleet operating in the east, and Sayyida al-Hurra and her Moorish and North-African pirates operating in the west. |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sun Dec 29, 2019 1:49 am Post subject: |
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Ali Bitchin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Bitchin
Ali Bitchin (born circa 1560 and assassinated in 1645) was a "renegade" (Christian converted to Islam) who made his fortune in Algiers through privateering. Bitchin (or Bitchnin) was believed to be born with the family name of Piccini or Puccini or Piccinino in Venice.
He was a Grand Admiral of Algiers.
Under his command, the Algerian Navy assured her supremacy over the Mediterranean, blithely crossing the Straits of Gibraltar and pushing all the way to the Arctic Circle. Bitchin's privateers entered the Atlantic Ocean and ascended to Ireland. They managed to attack Madeira.
Raïs Hamidou
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%AFs_Hamidou
Rais Hamidou or Hamidu, also called Hammida or Amidon (in the American literature) (1773–1815) was a famous Algerine corsair. He captured many ships during his career. Hamidou died in the Battle off Cape Gata against an American squadron commanded by Stephen Decatur in 1815.
Sinan Reis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinan_Reis
Sinan Reis, also Ciphut Sinan known later as the "Great Jew"
"Sinan the Jew", was a Barbary corsair and Jewish pirate who sailed under the famed Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa.
Sinan sailed as a Barbary corsair, a type of privateer or pirate, under the Ottoman flag.
There are several cases of Jews who upon fleeing Iberia turned to attacking the Empire's shipping,
a profitable strategy of revenge for the Inquisition's religious persecution.
Samuel Pallache
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Pallache
Samuel Pallache was a Jewish Moroccan-born merchant, diplomat, and pirate/privateer of the Pallache family.
Following the Christian conquest of Islamic Spain (the Reconquista), the family fled to Morocco,
where Jews, like Christians, were tolerated as long as they accepted Islam as the official religion.
Last edited by corsair91 on Sun Dec 29, 2019 2:22 am; edited 2 times in total |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sun Dec 29, 2019 1:51 am Post subject: |
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Jewish pirates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_pirates
Jewish pirates were those seafaring Jewish people who engaged in piracy.
Spain expelled the Jews and after fleeing Spain and Portugal, some of these Jews became pirates and turned to attacking the Catholic Empire's shipping as both barbary corsairs from their refuge in the Ottoman dominions, as well as privateers bearing letters of marque from Spanish rivals such as the United Netherlands.
Many Jews also were involved in backing Spanish-attacking privateers economically.
They viewed this campaign to be a profitable strategy of revenge for their expulsion and the Inquisition's continued religious persecution of their Jewish brethren in both the Old and New Worlds.
Further Links
Ahoy, mateys ! Thar be Jewish pirates!
https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/13698/
Jewish pirates of the Caribbean
https://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Jewish-pirates-of-the-Caribbean-447397
The Forgotten Jewish Pirates of Jamaica
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/forgotten-jewish-pirates-jamaica-180959252/
Pirates of the Carribbean…Who Kept Shabbos!
https://jewinthecity.com/2017/06/pirates-of-the-carribbean-who-kept-shabbos/#.Xtr_fed7mHs
Notable pirates
The Great Jew Sinan Reis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinan_Reis
Yaacov Kuriel
Yaacov Kuriel was born to a Jewish family which converted to Christianity under pressure from the Inquisition when Yaakov was a child. As a young man, Yaacov Kuriel was a captain of the Spanish fleet until he was caught by the Inquisition. He was freed by his sailors, most of whom were marranos themselves. For many years after that his only goal was revenge. He had three pirate ships under his command. Little is known about what happened to him later. Some believe that eventually he made his way to the Holy Land, studied Kabbalah and died peacefully of old age
Moses Cohen Henriques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Cohen_Henriques
Moses Cohen Henriques was a Dutch pirate of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin, operating in the Caribbean.
Henriques helped Dutch naval officer and folk hero Admiral Piet Pieterszoon Hein, of the Dutch West India Company, capture the Spanish treasure fleet in the battle of the Bay of Matanzas in Cuba, during the Eighty Years' War, in 1628.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Pieterszoon_Hein
Henriques then went on to lead a Jewish contingent in Brazil during the Dutch rule, and established his own pirate island off the Brazilian coast.
After the Portuguese Empire's recapture of Northern Brazil in 1654, Moses fled South America and ended up as an advisor to Henry Morgan, the leading pirate of the time.
Jean Lafitte
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Lafitte
Sephardic Jewish pirate
The Laffite family fled Spain for France after Laffitte's maternal grandfather was put to death by the Inquisition.
French pirate and privateer in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century.
Lafitte and his comrades helped General Andrew Jackson defend New Orleans from the British in the final battle of the War of 1812.
8 Little-Known Facts about Jewish Pirates
https://aish.com/8-little-known-facts-about-jewish-pirates/
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corsair91
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corsair91
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corsair91
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corsair91
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| Posted: Tue Feb 18, 2020 12:31 am Post subject: Barbary Pirates and English Slaves |
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Barbary Pirates and English Slaves
https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Barbary-Pirates-English-Slaves/
Ben Johnson
For over 300 years, the coastlines of the south west of England were at the mercy of Barbary pirates (corsairs) from the coast of North Africa, based mainly in the ports of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. Their number included not only North Africans but also English and Dutch privateers. Their aim was to capture slaves for the Arab slave markets in North Africa.
The Barbary pirates attacked and plundered not only those countries bordering the Mediterranean but as far north as the English Channel, Ireland, Scotland and Iceland, with the western coast of England almost being raided at will.
Partly as a result of an inadequate naval deterrent, by the early 17th century the situation was so bad that an entry in the Calendar of State Papers in May 1625 stated, ‘The Turks are upon our coasts. They take ships only to take the men to make slaves of them.’
Barbary pirates raided on land as well as at sea. In August 1625 corsairs raided Mount’s Bay, Cornwall, capturing 60 men, women and children and taking them into slavery. In 1626 St Keverne was repeatedly attacked, and boats out of Looe, Penzance, Mousehole and other Cornish ports were boarded, their crews taken captive and the empty ships left to drift. It was feared that there were around 60 Barbary men-of-war prowling the Devon and Cornish coasts and attacks were now occurring almost daily.
Sir John Eliot, Vice Admiral of Devon, declared that the seas around England “seem’d theirs.â€
The situation was so bad that in December 1640 a Committee for Algiers was set up by Parliament to oversee the ransoming of captives. At that time it was reported that there were some 3,000 to 5,000 English people in captivity in Algiers. Charities were also set up to help ransom the captives and local fishing communities clubbed together to raise money to liberate their own.
In 1645, another raid by Barbary pirates on the Cornish coast saw 240 men, women and children kidnapped. The following year Parliament sent Edmund Cason to Algiers to negotiate the ransom and release of English captives. He paid on average £30 per man (women were more expensive to ransom) and managed to free some 250 people before he ran out of money. Cason spent the last 8 years of his life trying to arrange the release of a further 400.
By the 1650s the attacks were so frequent that they threatened England’s fishing industry with fishermen reluctant to put to sea, leaving their families unprotected ashore.
Oliver Cromwell decided to take action and decreed that any captured corsairs should be taken to Bristol and slowly drowned. Lundy Island, where pirates from the Republic of Salé had made their base, was attacked and bombarded, but despite this, the corsairs continued to mount raids on the coastal towns and villages in Cornwall, Devon and Dorset.
Those kidnapped would be sent to the slave markets of the Ottoman Empire to be bought as labourers or concubines, or pressed into the galleys where they would man the oars. The Spanish novelist Miguel de Cervantes, author of ‘Don Quixote’, was a captive in Algiers between 1575 and 1580, when he was ransomed by his parents and the Trinitarians, a Catholic religious order.
The Barbary slave trade even features in Samuel Pepys’ diary, in an entry from 8th February 1661:
‘…went to the Fleece Tavern to drink; and there we spent till four o’clock, telling stories of Algiers, and the manner of the life of slaves there! And truly Captn. Mootham and Mr. Dawes (who have been both slaves there) did make me fully acquainted with their condition there: as, how they eat nothing but bread and water. … How they are beat upon the soles of their feet and bellies at the liberty of their padron. How they are all, at night, called into their master’s Bagnard; and there they lie. How the poorest men do use their slaves best. How some rogues do live well, if they do invent to bring their masters in so much a week by their industry or theft; and then they are put to no other work at all. And theft there is counted no great crime at all…’
Something had to be done. In 1675 Sir John Narborough, backed by a Royal Navy squadron, managed to negotiate a peace with Tunis. A heavy naval bombardment by the British then brought about a similar peace with Tripoli.
Algiers was also attacked from the sea, not only by British warships but also by the French and Spanish. The United States fought two wars against the Barbary States of North Africa: the First Barbary War of 1801–1805 and the Second Barbary War, 1815 – 1816. Finally after an attack by the British and Dutch in 1816 more than 4,000 Christian slaves were liberated and the power of the Barbary pirates was broken. |
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Salty Dog
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| Posted: Tue Feb 18, 2020 5:00 pm Post subject: |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sat Feb 22, 2020 1:50 am Post subject: |
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Houston we have a problem 
Link Lists some of the new pirate Chat Forum threads
but nothing on the Barbary Pirates and the war between the USA and them. |
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corsair91
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sun Nov 28, 2021 4:06 am Post subject: |
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Pirate John Ward: the real Captain Jack Sparrow
https://www.historyextra.com/period/elizabethan/pirate-john-ward-the-real-captain-jack-sparrow/
--------------------
Who were the Barbary corsairs?
The Barbary corsairs were pirates and privateers operating out of the three principal ports in North Africa (Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, all in the Mediterranean) and the port of Salé, on the Atlantic coast of Morocco.
In the 16th century, they were mainly Muslim privateers who operated with the sanction of the Ottoman appointed rulers of the Barbary states (such as Oruç Reis and Hayreddin Barbarossa). They found easy prey in the richly laden and usually Christian ships plying the Mediterranean.
These early corsairs were later joined by large numbers of Dutch pirates and English privateers: the latter flocked here when forbidden from attacking Spanish shipping after the peace of 1604.
The Barbary corsairs reached their peak in the early 1600s. They were superb navigators and sailed enormous distances in their quest for plunder. Many of their estimated one million (at least) victims were sold in the great slave auctions of North Africa. Few ever returned home to their loved ones.
Last edited by corsair91 on Tue Feb 08, 2022 9:32 pm; edited 2 times in total |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sat Jan 08, 2022 4:44 pm Post subject: |
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Ottoman Pirates - Armies and Tactics DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jguevSDIuY
Kings and Generals
25 Nov 2021
runtime 22:50
Animated documentary video on the Ottoman pirates as we look at how the famous corsairs operated, how they were connected to the sultan's authority and their deed in the late medieval-early modern eras. |
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corsair91
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| Posted: Sun Sep 18, 2022 2:43 pm Post subject: |
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The Diabolical History Of The Barbary Slave Trade
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mrG9UUKgtI
A Day In History
runtime 14:46
“From the halls of Montezuma, to the shores of Tripoli...†are the beginning lines from the United States Marine Corps Hymn, and the “Tripoli†that's mentioned is the largest city in today's Libya. The hymn was written sometime after 1867, and these lines commemorate two of the Marine Corps' most famous battles “the halls of Montezuma referring to the Mexican-American War of 1846-48, and “the shores of Tripoli†refers to the battles the Marine Corps, along with the US Navy, fought with the infamous “Barbary Pirates†who terrorized the coast of North Africa, the Mediterranean Sea and indeed, a large part of Europe for at three centuries.
Slavery had existed in the Mediterranean Basin since before the time of Rome. During the Roman expansion, people from all corners of the empire were enslaved: Franks, Germans, Slavs, Greeks, various people from the Balkans, Africans traded to Rome by Egypt, Jews from Israel and more. Some of the richest people in Rome and the Gothic and Arab empires which followed it were slave traders. Many Viking raiders grew rich and powerful from the treasure they hoarded trading slaves. Slavery was common in Europe, the north coast of Africa, and the Middle East until relatively recent times.
The Barbary States
In the 1500s, the Ottoman Turks expanded along the North African coast. Due to distance and the fiercely independent nature of the Berbers and others, however, Ottoman control of the Barbary Coast was nominal. As long as the people there recognized the Ottoman Sultan as their overlord and gave help when it was asked, the Turks left the people of the coast alone.
One of the many interesting things about the Barbary Pirates is that, as time went on, many of them were not from the region. Many were Europeans, acting much like today's mercenaries, looking for adventure and a quick buck. Unfortunately, what they were mainly looking for were other human being to sell into slavery. |
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