What Are Your Favourite Topics About the Byzantine Empire?

[corsair91]

This outlines what happened in western Europe once Constantinople had fallen.


Siege of Vienna 1529
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna

The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria.

The failure of the siege marked the beginning of 150 years of bitter military tension and reciprocal attacks, culminating in a second siege of Vienna in 1683.


Battle of Vienna 1683
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna

The Ottoman Turks ceased to be a menace to the Christian world


Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th Centuries)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire

The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror

The Ottoman Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in its partitioning and the loss of its Middle Eastern territories, which were divided between the United Kingdom and France.

The successful Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against the occupying Allies led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk


WW1 saw the end of the Russian, German, Austro-Hungrian, Ottoman
Empires. The British Empire staggered on for a bit longer and
was effectively gone after WW2.

The American Economic Empire was just beginning.

[corsair91]

Why did the Byzantine Empire Collapse ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_Lj84_gLiA

Knowledgia
runtime 11:40


User Comments
(see youtube page for more)

Niko Siderakis

Byzantine history is ignored because it's embarrassing for them to speak of it as they did not help when the Greeks needed them.

Intel Stock Cooler

Even the term Byzantines is so wrong and they never called themselves like that. Pope hated them for being orthodox and proclaimed German empire as Roman and popularized name Byzantine because they didnt like the idea of an orthodox empire being a successor to Roman empire. West changed history against orthodox nations and history school books should be rewriten at least in East European countries.


Nael AOUN

The fourth crusade destroyed the empire



Storymaker2

You realize the 4th Crusade was basically caused by the Byzantines. The crusaders came to restore the disposed prince because he promised to help them take Egypt. When they got there they found the city's defenses in disrepair and that the prince had lied. Basically no one wanted him back. After they put him back on the throne he immediately rescinded his promises and shoved them out of the city only to be killed by a palace intrigue. Now the new Emperor could have done the smart thing and negotiated with the crusader army. Nope instead he burns their ships and traps them hoping they'll starve to death. At this point the crusaders have had enough of the Byzantine bullshit from their harsh persecution of latins in Constantinople, helping Saladin in the 3rd crusade and now trapping them.The crusader army had to take the city just to survive and yes that means sacking it, cites taken by storm are sacked it was what happened. If the greeks inside the city didn't have a problem killing latin Christians ever few years then the crusaders at that point wouldn't care about killing greeks.Then after they begin the siege, the glorious usurper runs away from his capital with most of the army. So no, the crusaders did not come to Constantinople hoping to sack it, they were forced into a corner.Looking at the 4th crusade without context is like looking at all the crusades without context.




Yuri Brito

The destruction of the Byzantine Empire, in my personal analysis, was completely decreed in 1204, not in 1453. The Fourth Crusade simply destroyed all the efforts made during the so-called Komnenian Restoration, which was carried out by the Emperors Alexios I Komnenos/Αλέξιος Κομνηνός ( 1081-1118), John II Komnenos/Ιωάννης Κομνηνός ( 1118-1144) and Manuel Komnenos/Μανουήλ Κομνηνός ( 1144-1180).

Furthermore, the 4th Crusade weakened the city that, in my own words, represented the "shield of Christianity" ( Η ασπίδα του χριστιανισμού), the "pride of the Christians" ( Η υπερηφάνεια των χριστιανών) and the "queen of the cities" ( Η Βασίλισσα των πόλεων): Constantinople. Michael Palaiologos recovered a completely bankrupt Constantinople in 1261. In fact, ALL the Emperors of the Palaiologos Dynasty reigned and ruled over a completely bankrupt Empire ( including Michael VIII Palaiologos, Andronikos II Palaiologos, Andronikos III Palaiologos, John V Palaiologos, Manuel II Palaiologos, John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI).

• Michael VIII Palaiologos/Μιχαήλ Παλαιολόγος ( 1261-1282), as mentioned before, recovered a completely bankrupt Constantinople in 1261.

• During the reign of Andronikos II Palaiologos/Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος ( 1282-1328), the Turks captured Bursa in 1326 ( which became the first major capital of the early Ottoman Empire).

• The reign of Andronikos III Palaiologos ( 1328-1341), in turn, was even more catastrophic. In 1330, the Turks definitely conquered the vital Thracesian Theme/province and the vital city of Nicaea ( once the symbol of the Byzantine resistance between 1204 and 1261).

• During the reign of John V Palaiologos ( 1341-1391), the Byzantine Empire became a vassal state of the Ottomans ( under Murad I).

• During the reign of Manuel II Palaiologos/Μανουήλ Παλαιολόγος ( 1391-1425), Constantinople itself was besieged and surrounded three times by the sultans Bayezid I and Murad II ( the sieges of 1391, 1396 and 1422).

• The rule of John VIII Palaiologos ( 1425-1448), on the other hand, was one of the most important of the dynasty from a diplomatic perspective. John visited Pope Eugenius IV and succeeded in uniting Catholics and the Orthodox Church during the council of Ferrara-Florence ( 1439).
Nevertheless, the people of Constantinople did not approve this union. In 1450, Justinian's once powerful empire included only Constantinople.

• Constantine XI/Κωνσταντίνος Παλαιολόγος ( 1448-1453), the last TRUE emperor of the political organization created by Augustus in 27 BC, led the final resistance against Mehmed II's "mercy shot".

The great beneficiary of the 4th Crusade, in my personal analysis, was the Republic of Venice ( Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta). Venice ( under the Doge Enrico Dandolo/Henricus Dandulus), was the great beneficiary of the division of the Byzantine Empire in 1204 ( Partitio Terrarum Imperii Romaniae/Partitio regni Graeci). Enrico Dandolo even called himself "the ruler of a three-eighths of the Roman Empire" ( "Dominus quartae partis et dimidiae totius Emperii Romaniae").

During the XII century and early XIII century ( especially during the governments of the Doges Ordelafo Faliero, Domenico Michelle, Pietro Polani, Domenico Morosini, Vitale II Michelle, Sabastiano Ziani and Orio Mastropiero), Venice became one of the four major Italian thalassocratics republics that formed the "quartet" ( as I like to call it) responsible for the beginning of commercial capitalism in Europe ( alongside with Pisa, Genova and Amalfi).

In fact, Venice was a powerful Thalassocratic power since the rule of the Doge Agnello Participazio, the 10th Doge of the city ( 811-827). Nevertheless, the 4th Crusade further increased the Venetian power, which led, in my personal analysis, to the "glorious period" of the Venetian power and influence during the XV century, especially during the governments of the Doges Francesco Foscari ( 1423-1457), Pasquale Malipiero (1457-1462), Cristoforo Moro ( 1462-1471), Nicolò Tron ( 1471-1473), Nicolò Marcello ( 1473-1474), Pietro Mocenigo ( 1474-1476), Andrea Vendramin ( 1476-1478), Giovanni Mocenigo (1478-1485), Marco Barbarigo ( 1485-1486) and Agostino Barbarigo ( 1486-1501).

The Byzantine Empire, on the other hand.. was completely destroyed: morally, militarily and, above all, economically.

[corsair91]

Were the Byzantines Actually Romans?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGPWMWim-aE


Fire of Learning
Aug 10, 2019
runtime 11:30

A common debate among historians - Were the Byzantines really Romans, or were they a Hellenic civilization? Both?




The Fall of Byzantium - Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AEOWa5__70

Fire of Learning
Aug 3, 2019
runtime 1:06:22

In this video, we discuss the fall of the Byzantine Empire, and the fall of the Roman Empire as a whole.



History of The Byzantine Empire - Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leSeRMy6sbA

Fire of Learning
May 19, 2019
runtime 59:39

In this video, we discuss the history of the Byzantine Empire, from the year that Western Rome fell, 476, onwards.

[Salty Dog]

I have been to Vienna and heard about their amazing relief of preventing the Turk invasion.

I hope to visit Istanbul in the next two years. I hope relations improve and allow us to see the place.

Amazing trivia: What did the Turks leave behind when they left the siege of Vienna? They left something that is of great importance to us today.

[corsair91]

Battle of Vienna 1683 - Cappuccino Coffee

The captured stock of bitter coffee was mixed with sugar and steamed milk to produce a drink that was named Cappuccino in honor of the Capuchin Franciscan Marco d'Aviano who had inspired the Catholic Christian forces to unity and defense or because the Capuchin priest had a role in inventing it.


One legend is that the croissant was invented in Vienna, either in 1683 or during the earlier siege in 1529, to celebrate the defeat of the Ottoman attack on the city.

Another legend from Vienna has the first bagel as being a gift to King John III Sobieski to commemorate the King's victory over the Ottomans. It was fashioned in the form of a stirrup to commemorate the victorious charge by the Polish cavalry in 1683.

[Roland]

The designation of Roman was long coveted by the successors of the Roman Empire. (The name Byzantine is an invention of modern scholars who felt compelled to distinguish the later eastern-based empire from its earlier western-based counterpart.) The Byzantines called themselves Romans, and they called subjects of the Holy Roman Empire of the Carolingians Franks. The westerners returned the favor, referring to the Byzantines as Greeks.

As late as the early 20th century, the German kaiser, the Russian tsar, the Austro-Hungarian emperor, and the Ottoman sultan all claimed to be heir to the Roman imperial title. It was only after WW1 that Rome was set aside as the ideal of governance.

To this day, however, most Greek-speaking Orthodox Christians refer to themselves as Rum Orthodox - literally Roman Orthodox - although it is always translated into English as Greek Orthodox.

[corsair91]

Catholics refer to themselves as Roman Catholic
as the church HQ is in the Vatican State, Rome.
The Orthodox Church is typically called by them Greek Orthodox.

Although Russian and now Ukraine Orthodox do exist,
the local names tend to be used by Catholics for a specific church country
region only. The entire Church is always called Greek Orthodox or
simply Orthodox.


Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople

"His Most Divine All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch"

The archbishop of Constantinople–New Rome and ranks as primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that make up the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is regarded as the representative and spiritual leader of Orthodox Christians worldwide and is based at St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul, Turkey.

Within the five apostolic sees of the Pentarchy, the ecumenical patriarch is regarded as the successor of St Andrew the Apostle (brother of St Peter).

The Orthodox Church is entirely decentralized, having no central authority, earthly head or a single bishop in a leadership role.

Catholics by comparison have a single central authority, The Pope
(Bishop of Rome) regarded as the sucessor of St Peter the Apostle
and would have regarded all Christian Churches under his personal authority
before the various church schisms.

In practice Catholic authority only, although for Catholics the terms Christian and Catholic are used interchangeable with the same meaning -
member of the Catholic Church.
Other Christian Churches would be referred to by Catholics typically
by the Church name such as Anglican, Lutherian etc or by a generic
Protestant or non-Catholic.


The break between the Catholic and Orthodox churches

The East–West Schism (also the Great Schism or Schism of 1054)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism

[corsair91]

The fall of an empire—the Lesson of Byzantium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1CWG-2GLU4

PravoslavieRu
Nov 15, 2012

(probably Russian original Source with English narrative)



Fall of The Byzantine Empire Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrkGaJYt5Qs

Armando Mendez
Jul 28, 2018
runtime 1:06:28





Comparing Roman and Byzantine Empires | AP US History | Khan Academy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fx4l41R5nxY

Jun 27, 2017
runtime 8:18

Similarities and differences between the Roman Empire and the "Byzantine Empire" (which considered itself the continuation of the Roman Empire).


User comments

rockstar450
3 months ago
PROOF 476AD IS A HRE LIE

The Empire has been split and reunified several times and its continuation was never questioned. Constantinople was made the capital of ALL Rome in 330 and Ravena had remained the capital of WEST Rome since 402, so Rome being the Capital holds no credible argument.

Rome was also sacked 410 which was the fall from grace of the capital. Even after 476, Rome was largely preserved (not razed), remained Christian and its senate still functioned until Justinian reconquered it around 555 (along with much of the West).

Additionally, the reconquest of the West was crippled primarily by the Justinian Plague, not military defeat, which further makes the 476 date less sensible. Since Augustus, the East was always the bread basket and since the beginning, Roman civilisation was always heavily Greek influences. As far as Greek language goes, the whole of Rome NEVER just spoke Latin and languages split drastically so the cultural distinction is also senseless. The official language was changed to Greek in 620 but evidence for how heavily Heraculus’ reforms were truely followed is lacking at best. Nobody ever doubted these were Eastern Romans, further proven by the fact sources call them ‘Roman’ except The HRE who INVENTED term Byzantine to tarnish the legitimacy of the Eastern Orthodox Church and strengthen the Catholic Pope and general military reverence of the west.

There was a strong and bitter political war here to be the dominant power and influence which lead to the eventual sacking of Constantinople by the Catholic, western christians in 1204. Does the catholic crusade veering off course to cripple the (Christian) Roman Empire sounds like something you’d want to rewrite as a western catholic historian? Because that’s exactly what it became!

Now let’s look at how non-christians viewed Eastern Rome: The Sultanate of Rum (translates into Rome) was named from territory taken from East Rome in 1077 by the Seljuks as further proof this was the same Roman Empire in the eyes of Muslim world. When Mehmed II conquered Constantinople, he was declared Kayser-i Rum after he finished the Roman Empire. I use the term Byzantine as convention but it is a timestamp on the same, continuous empire. Those who use the 476 date and term, Byzantine, need to question the motivations their popularisation.




Christoffer Jespersen
1 year ago
Constantine actually didn't keep the byzantium name or name it Constantinople its name was actually named Nova Roma "New Rome" however this was sadly changed after his death in his honour the renamed it to Constantinople which i find a less cooler name

[corsair91]

The Rise And Fall Of The The Byzantine Empire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UpPS7c1sVc

MadeInTurkey
May 18, 2015
runtime 1:43:03

Warning Computer Audio narration


The Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, was the predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the eastern part of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally founded as Byzantium. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire (Ancient Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia Rhōmaiōn; Latin: Imperium Romanum), or Romania (Ῥωμανία), and to themselves as "Romans".

Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306–337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as Constantinople ("City of Constantine") and Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed. And finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. Thus, although it continued the Roman state and maintained Roman state traditions, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity rather than Roman polytheism.

The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including north Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582–602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persia which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs.

During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the Empire again expanded and experienced a two-century long renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia as a homeland.

The final centuries of the Empire exhibited a general trend of decline. It struggled to recover during the 12th century, but was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked and the Empire dissolved and divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261, Byzantium remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Byzantine Empire.

The first use of the term "Byzantine" to label the later years of the Roman Empire was in 1557, when the German historian Hieronymus Wolf published his work Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ, a collection of historical sources. The term comes from "Byzantium", the name of the city of Constantinople before it became Constantine's capital. This older name of the city would rarely be used from this point onward except in historical or poetic contexts. The publication in 1648 of the Byzantine du Louvre (Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae), and in 1680 of Du Cange's Historia Byzantina further popularised the use of "Byzantine" among French authors, such as Montesquieu. However, it was not until the mid-19th century that the term came into general use in the Western world. As regards the English historiography in particular, the first occasion of the "Byzantine Empire" appears in an 1857 work of George Finlay (History of the Byzantine Empire from 716 to 1057).

[corsair91]

The (Staggering) Siege of Vienna 1683
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukyquQkQAYo

SandRhoman History
Oct 4, 2020
runtime 30:02


On the 14th July 1683, an Ottoman army under the command of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha arrived at the Gates of Vienna. Their arrival marked the beginning of a siege characterized by subterranean warfare, delays on both sides, and an “apocalyptic storm” of Tatar riders ravaging the hinterland. The siege was eventually ended by the battle of Vienna, when the Polish winged Hussars arrived under King Jan III Sobieski famously charged into the Ottoman army. The siege and battle of Vienna are discussed extensively by historians up to this day. It is considered the turning point in the westward expansion of the Ottomans and it is an interesting case study for any student of warfare.



SandRhoman History - Youtube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7pr_dQxm2Ns2KlzRSx5FZA

[corsair91]

Siege of Vienna 1529 - Ottoman Wars DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWcf9ur542o

Kings and Generals
Apr 28, 2019
runtime 14:30

Our animated historical documentary series on the Ottoman history continues with the siege of Vienna of 1529. As the Ottoman sultan Suleiman won the battle of Mohacs in 1529 and managed to take over most of Hungary, but this now he was facing the might of the Holy Roman Empire led by the Habsburg dynasty. The siege of Vienna would be the high point of the campaigns of this period.




How did the Ottomans Lose the Battle of Vienna? (1683) | Animated History
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jibk6hvhlG0


The Armchair Historian
Dec 28, 2018
runtime 10:32

[corsair91]

The rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire - Leonora Neville
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Okph9wt8I0A

Most history books will tell you that the Roman Empire fell in the fifth century CE, but this would’ve come as a surprise to the millions who lived in the Roman Empire through the Middle Ages. This Medieval Roman Empire, today called the Byzantine Empire, began when Constantine, the first Christian emperor, moved Rome's capital. Leonora Neville details the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire.

Lesson by Leonora Neville, animation by Remus & Kiki.

[corsair91]

Constantinople (now Istanbul) City Walls & Water Supply



Total War History: The Theodosian Walls
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qe9uOpCCvnI

Invicta

Amongst the most formidable structures ever built by the Romans would be the massive triple layered walls of Constantinople. Today we dive into the details of this superstructure!



Theodosian Land Walls of Constantinople - Lars Brownworth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCjHA7hM76E

Lars walks Theodosian II's land walls of Constantinople.



The city of walls: Constantinople - Lars Brownworth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNMoi5Af1SY

The world owes much of its cultural legacy to Constantinople's walls. When Constantinople was under seige by neighboring enemies, the Roman city's elaborate system of moats, outer walls, and inner walls stood tall. Surviving numerous fire attacks, the walls were eventually brought down by more modern tools of warfare, but, thankfully, classical culture survived.

Lesson by Lars Brownworth, animation by Woland.



Top 5 Unexcavated Byzantine Sites
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SKOgEj-4Z4

Lars Brownworth, author of "Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire that Rescued Western Civilization", discusses the top 5 excavated Byzantine sites.



The Wondrous Waters of Constantinople
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uX4UJv-eIjQ

Byzantium1200



Byzantium1200 channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkPuq2XGQIOb3XVN39GW_hA

Constantinople content amongst others

[corsair91]

Kings and Generals - History Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw


Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaBYW76inbX78zMtZcFy7JFR4CFGn6JHD

Pliska 811 - Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars DOCUMENTARY
Versinikia 813 - Byzantine - Bulgarian Wars DOCUMENTARY
Basil II - Reformer, Restorer, Bulgarslayer

[corsair91]

Early Muslim Expansion - Khalid, Yarmouk, al-Qadisiyyah DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2cEIDZwG5M

Kings and Generals
runtime 1:53:11

the rise of the Rashidun Caliphate, its first wars against the Eastern Roman and Sassanid Empires. This video largely focuses on Khalid ibn al-Walid and his campaigns in Syria and Iraq, and the battles of the Chain, River, Wallaja, Ullais, Muzayyah, Firaz, Ajnadayn, Damascus, Maraj-al-Debaj, Pella, Emesa, Yarmouk, of the Bridges and al-Qadisiyyah


Siege of Damascus 634 - Arab - Byzantine Wars DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGo5ck2EEHg


Battle of Yarmouk 636 (Early Muslim Invasion) DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ct4OSmdZ3M

The Battle of Yarmouk that took place in 636 between Byzantine Empire (Vahan) and Rashidun Caliphate (Khalid ibn Al Walid). Although it was the Byzantine - Sasanian War 602–628 that allowed Islamic Invasion to happen, the battle of Yarmouk was decisive for Roman attempts to defend, and its results are still felt in the region.


Battle of Yarmouk, 636 Storm gathers in the Middle East
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vL33R5F2Pkg

HistoryMarche

Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate.



Battle of al-Qadisiyyah 636 - Muslim-Sassanid War of 633-654 DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01z7hTGDNco

Kings and Generals

The battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate. This battle largely defined the fate of Eastern Mediterranean, but to the East, Caliphate had another global power to contend with - the Sassanid Empire. Two empires fought each other for more than 20 years, across dozens of battles with the campaign of the Muslim general Khalid ibn al-Walid in 633 and the battle of al-Qadissiyah that took place in 636 being the most crucial among them.



Siege of Ctesiphon 637 - Early Muslim Expansion DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9jNvJFawlo

Kings and Generals



Fall of Jerusalem and the Battle of Jalula 637 - Early Muslim Expansion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEcnPqluxs8

Kings and Generals

The aftermath of the battles of Yarmouk and al-Qadisiyyah of 636, as the Muslim armies attack both the Eastern Roman and the Sassanid Empires. They attacked both in the east and west leading to the siege of Jerusalem and the battle of Jalula.



Siege of Constantinople 717-718 - Arab-Byzantine Wars DOCUMENTARY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4BtmRMwYmw

Kings and Generals